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窗口是屏幕上的一个矩形区域.窗口分为3种:覆盖窗口,弹窗和子窗口.每个窗口都有由系统绘画的"非客户区"和应用绘画的"客户区".

在MFC中,CWnd类为各种窗口提供了基类.

1,通过窗柄取得CWnd指针

可调用Cwnd::FromHandle函数,通过窗柄取得Cwnd指针.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton1()
{HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd();//取得当前窗口的句柄CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::FromHandle(hWnd);//通过`窗柄`取得`CWnd`指针CString strText = _T("");strText.Format("pWnd=0x%X\nthis=0x%X\n",pWnd,this);AfxMessageBox(strText);
}

2,取得应用主窗口的指针

在CWinThread::m_pMainWnd中保存主窗口指针.可首先调用AfxGetApp函数取得应用的指针,然后通过应用指针取得主窗口的指针.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton2()
{CDemoApp* pApp = (CDemoApp*)AfxGetApp();//取得应用指针CWnd* pMainWnd = pApp->m_pMainWnd;//取得主窗口指针CString strText = _T("");strText.Format("pMainWnd=0x%X\nthis=0x%X\n",pMainWnd,this);AfxMessageBox(strText);
}

3,取得指定点的窗口

可调用CWnd::WindowFromPoint函数,取得指定点的窗口.
a,在CDemoDlg类中重载CWnd::PreTranslateMessage函数.

BOOL CDemoDlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{if (pMsg->message == WM_MOUSEMOVE){CPoint point(LOWORD(pMsg->lParam),HIWORD(pMsg->lParam));::ClientToScreen(pMsg->hwnd, &point);//按屏幕坐标转换客户区坐标OnMouseMove(0,point);}return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}

b,在CDemoDlg类中添加WM_MOUSEMOVE消息处理函数.

void CDemoDlg::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
{CWnd* pWnd = WindowFromPoint(point);//取得指定点的窗口if (pWnd != NULL){TRACE("%d\n",pWnd);if (IsChild(pWnd)){CString strText = _T("");pWnd->GetWindowText(strText);SetWindowText(strText);}}CDialog::OnMouseMove(nFlags, point);
}

4,最大化和最小化窗口

可调用CWnd::SendMessage函数发送最大化或最小化窗口消息,来最大化和最小化窗口.

LRESULT SendMessage(
UINT message,//发送的消息,值为`WM_SYSCOMMAND`时表示`系统命令消息`.
WPARAM wParam = 0,//当`消息`值为`WM_SYSCMMAND`,参数`字参`值为`SC_MAXIMIZE,SC_MINIMIZE`,
LPARAM lParam = 0 );//`SC_RESTORE`时分别表示`最大化窗口,最小化窗口,恢复窗口`.void CDemoDlg::OnButton3()
{//最大化窗口SendMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND,SC_MAXIMIZE,0);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton4()
{//最小化窗口SendMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND,SC_MINIMIZE,0);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton5()
{//恢复窗口SendMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND,SC_RESTORE,0);
}

5关闭窗口

可调用CWnd::SendMessage函数,发送WM_CLOSE消息来关闭窗口.框架调用CWnd::OnClose函数处理WM_CLOSE消息.
默认,OnClose调用函数CWnd::DestroyWindow函数来关闭窗口.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton6()
{//关闭窗口SendMessage(WM_CLOSE,0,0);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnClose()//添加`WM_CLOSE`消息处理函数
{//判断是否关闭if (IDYES == MessageBox(_T("是否关闭窗口?"),NULL,MB_YESNO)){CDialog::OnClose();}
}

6设置窗口的大小和位置

可通过两个方法设置窗口大小和位置:1.调用CWnd::SetWindowPos函数;2.调用CWnd::MoveWindow函数.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton7()
{//设置窗口的大小和位置SetWindowPos(NULL,0,0,320,200,SWP_NOZORDER);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton8()
{//设置窗口的大小和位置MoveWindow(0,200,200,320);
} 

7居中显示窗口

可调用CWnd::CenterWindow函数居中显示窗口.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton9()
{//居中显示窗口CenterWindow();
} 

8顶层显示窗口

可调用CWnd::SetWindowPos函数顶层显示窗口,按最顶层设置对话框窗口的层次.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton10()
{//设置窗口层次SetWindowPos(&wndTopMost,0,0,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE);//`SWP_NOSIZE`:表示窗口保持当前的大小,`SWP_NOMOVE`:表示窗口保持当前的位置
}

9设置窗口图标

首先调用CWinApp::LoadIcon函数加载图标资源,然后调用CWnd::SetIcon函数设置图标.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton11()
{//加载图标HICON hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDI_ICON);//设置图标SetIcon(hIcon,FALSE);//`假`:设置程序小图标,`真`:设置任务栏大图标
} 

10取得和设置窗口的标题

可分别调用CWnd::GetWindowText和CWnd::SetWindowText函数,取得和设置窗口标题.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton12()
{CString strText = _T("");GetWindowText(strText);//取得窗口标题SetDlgItemText(IDC_TEXT,strText);//设置编辑框文本
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton13()
{CString strText = _T("");GetDlgItemText(IDC_TEXT,strText);//取得编辑框文本SetWindowText(strText);//设置窗口标题
}

11显示或隐藏窗口的标题栏

可调用CWnd::ModifyStyle函数显示或隐藏窗口的标题栏.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton14()
{//删除标题栏风格ModifyStyle(WS_CAPTION,0,SWP_FRAMECHANGED);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton15()
{//添加标题栏风格ModifyStyle(0,WS_CAPTION,SWP_FRAMECHANGED);
}

12改变窗口形状

标准窗口的形状是矩形的.要改变窗口的形状,首先调用CRgn类的成员函数创建相应形状的区域,然后调用CWnd::SetWindowRgn函数按窗口区域设置它.
可分别用CRgn类的CreateRectRgn,CreateEllipticRgn,CreatePolygonRgn和CreateRoundRectRgn函数来创建矩形,椭圆形,多边形和圆矩形区域.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton16()
{CRect rect;GetClientRect(rect);//创建矩形区域CRgn rgn;rgn.CreateRectRgn(rect.left,rect.top,rect.right,rect.bottom);//设置窗口的区域SetWindowRgn((HRGN)rgn,TRUE);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton17()
{CRect rect;GetClientRect(rect);//创建椭圆形区域CRgn rgn;rgn.CreateEllipticRgn(0,0,rect.Width(),rect.Height());//设置窗口的区域SetWindowRgn((HRGN)rgn,TRUE);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton18()
{CRect rect;GetClientRect(rect);CPoint point[6];point[0].x = 0;point[0].y = rect.Height() / 2;point[1].x = rect.Width() / 3;point[1].y = 0;point[2].x = 2 * rect.Width() / 3;point[2].y = 0;point[3].x = rect.Width();point[3].y = rect.Height() / 2;point[4].x = 2 * rect.Width() / 3;point[4].y = rect.Height();point[5].x = rect.Width() / 3;point[5].y = rect.Height();//创建多边形区域CRgn rgn;rgn.CreatePolygonRgn(point,6,ALTERNATE);//设置窗口的区域SetWindowRgn((HRGN)rgn,TRUE);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton19()
{CRect rect;GetClientRect(rect);//创建圆矩形区域CRgn rgn;rgn.CreateRoundRectRgn(0,0,rect.Width(),rect.Height(),rect.Width() / 2,rect.Height() / 2);//设置窗口的区域SetWindowRgn((HRGN)rgn,TRUE);
}

13设置窗口的透明区域

要设置窗口的透明区域,首先调用CRgn::CreateRectRgn创建一个区域,然后调用CRgn::CombineRgn函数,去掉需要透明的区域,最后调用CWnd::SetWindowRgn函数按窗口区域设置它.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton20()
{CRect rect1;GetWindowRect(rect1);CRect rect2;GetClientRect(rect2);ClientToScreen(rect2);CRgn rgn1;rgn1.CreateRectRgn(rect1.left,rect1.top,rect1.right,rect1.bottom);CRgn rgn2;rgn2.CreateRectRgn(rect2.left,rect2.top,rect2.right,rect2.bottom);CRgn rgn;rgn.CreateRectRgn(0,0,1,1);rgn.CombineRgn(&rgn1,&rgn2,RGN_DIFF);//设置窗口区域SetWindowRgn((HRGN)rgn,TRUE);
}

14透明窗口

要实现透明窗口,首先调用CWnd::ModifyStyleEx函数,添加窗口的WS_EX_LAYERED(0x00080000)扩展风格,然后调用SDK的SetLayeredWindowAttributes函数设置窗口的透明和透明色.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton21()
{//添加`WS_EX_LAYERED(0x80000)`扩展风格ModifyStyleEx(0,0x80000);//加载`User32.DLL`动态链接库HMODULE hModule = LoadLibrary("User32.DLL");if (hModule != NULL){typedef BOOL (WINAPI *FUNC)(HWND,COLORREF,BYTE,DWORD);//取得`SetLayeredWindowAttributes`函数指针FUNC func = (FUNC)GetProcAddress(hModule,"SetLayeredWindowAttributes");if (func != NULL){func(GetSafeHwnd(),0,128,2);}FreeLibrary(hModule);}
}

15窗口闪烁

可调用CWnd::FlashWindow函数闪烁窗口.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton22()
{//设置计时器SetTimer(1,1000,NULL);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton23()
{//关闭计时器KillTimer(1);//窗口返回原状态FlashWindow(FALSE);
}
void CDemoDlg::OnTimer(UINT nIDEvent)
{if (nIDEvent == 1){//窗口从一个状态闪烁到另一个状态FlashWindow(TRUE);}CDialog::OnTimer(nIDEvent);
}

16图片窗口

要实现图片窗口,首先调用CRgn::CreateRectRgn和CRgn::CombineRgn函数创建并合并多个区域,然后调用CWnd::SetWindowRgn函数按窗口区域设置它.

VC对话框如何添加WM_ERASEBKGND消息(OnEraseBkgnd函数):

void CDemoDlg::OnButton24()
{CRect rect;GetWindowRect(&rect);//加载位图CBitmap bmp;bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB_BITMAP);//将位图选入设备环境CDC dc;CDC *pDC = GetDC();dc.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);dc.SelectObject(&bmp);//将位图中黑色区域变成透明区域CRgn rgn1;rgn1.CreateRectRgn(0,0,rect.Width(),rect.Height());for (int x = 0;x < rect.Width();x++){for (int y = 0;y < rect.Height();y++){COLORREF cr = dc.GetPixel(x,y);if (cr == RGB(0,0,0)){CRgn rgn2;rgn2.CreateRectRgn(x,y,x+1,y+1);rgn1.CombineRgn(&rgn1,&rgn2,RGN_XOR);}}}//设置窗口区域SetWindowRgn((HRGN)rgn1,TRUE);ReleaseDC(pDC);
}//添加`WM_ERASEBKGND`消息处理函数
BOOL CDemoDlg::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC)
{CRect rect;GetWindowRect(&rect);CBitmap bmp;bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB_BITMAP);CDC dc;dc.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);dc.SelectObject(&bmp);pDC->BitBlt(0,0,rect.Width(),rect.Height(),&dc,0,0,SRCCOPY);return TRUE;
}

17动画窗口

可调用SDK的动画窗口函数,实现动画窗口.

BOOL CDemoDlg::OnInitDialog()
{CDialog::OnInitDialog();//...居中窗口CenterWindow();//显示动画窗口AnimateWindow(GetSafeHwnd(), 3000, AW_BLEND);return TRUE;
}

18桌面窗口

可调用CWnd::GetDesktopWindow函数,取得桌面窗口.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton25()
{//取得桌面窗口CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::GetDesktopWindow();//取得窗口大小CRect rect;pWnd->GetClientRect(rect);CString strText = _T("");strText.Format(_T("桌面窗口大小:%dX%d"),rect.Width(),rect.Height());AfxMessageBox(strText);
}

19最小化桌面所有窗口

窗口中可利用快捷键Win+M最小化所有窗口.因此,可通过向任务栏窗口发送ID为0x1F5(Win+M)的WM_HOTKEY消息,来最小化桌面所有窗口.
首先调用CWnd::FindWindow函数取得窗口,然后调用CWnd::SendMessage函数向窗口发送消息.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton26()
{//取得任务栏窗口CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::FindWindow(_T("Shell_TrayWnd"),NULL);//发送`ID`为`0x1F5(Win+M)`的`WM_HOTKEY`消息pWnd->SendMessage(WM_HOTKEY,0x1F5);
}

20取任务栏窗口

可调用CWnd::FindWinow函数,取得任务栏窗口.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton27()
{//取得任务栏窗口CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::FindWindow(_T("Shell_TrayWnd"),NULL);//取得窗口大小CRect rect;pWnd->GetClientRect(rect);CString strText = _T("");strText.Format(_T("任务栏窗口大小:%dX%d"),rect.Width(),rect.Height());AfxMessageBox(strText);
}

21显示或隐藏任务栏

显示或隐藏任务栏;首先调用CWnd::FindWindow函数取得窗口,然后调用CWnd::ShowWindow函数隐藏或显示窗口.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton28()
{//取得任务栏窗口CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::FindWindow(_T("Shell_TrayWnd"),NULL);//隐藏窗口if (pWnd->IsWindowVisible()){pWnd->ShowWindow(SW_HIDE);}
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton29()
{//取得任务栏窗口CWnd* pWnd = CWnd::FindWindow(_T("Shell_TrayWnd"),NULL);//显示窗口if (!pWnd->IsWindowVisible()){pWnd->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);}
}

22枚举桌面所有顶层窗口

BOOL CDemoDlg::OnInitDialog()
{CDialog::OnInitDialog();//...初化列表框控件CListCtrl* pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);pList->ModifyStyle(LVS_ICON | LVS_SMALLICON | LVS_LIST,LVS_REPORT);pList->SetExtendedStyle(LVS_EX_GRIDLINES | LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECT);pList->InsertColumn(0,_T("窗口类名"),LVCFMT_LEFT,115);pList->InsertColumn(1,_T("窗口标题"),LVCFMT_LEFT,150);return TRUE;
}

枚举桌面所有顶层窗口有两个方法:

a,调用CWnd::GetDesktopWindow和CWnd::GetWindow函数:首先调用CWnd::GetDesktopWindow函数,取得桌面窗口,然后调用CWnd::GetWindow函数,枚举所有子窗口.

void CDemoDlg::OnButton30()
{CListCtrl* pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);pList->DeleteAllItems();pList->SetRedraw(FALSE);//取得桌面窗口CWnd* pDesktopWnd = CWnd::GetDesktopWindow();//取得第一个子窗口CWnd* pWnd = pDesktopWnd->GetWindow(GW_CHILD);while(pWnd != NULL){int nItem = pList->GetItemCount();//取得窗口类名CString strClassName = _T("");::GetClassName(pWnd->GetSafeHwnd(),strClassName.GetBuffer(256),256);strClassName.ReleaseBuffer();pList->InsertItem(nItem,strClassName);//取得窗口标题CString strWindowText = _T("");::GetWindowText(pWnd->GetSafeHwnd(),strWindowText.GetBuffer(256),256);strWindowText.ReleaseBuffer();pList->SetItemText(nItem,1,strWindowText);//继续取得下个子窗口pWnd =  pWnd->GetWindow(GW_HWNDNEXT);}pList->SetRedraw(TRUE);
}

b,调用SDK的EnumWindows函数.

    //添加全局函数
BOOL CALLBACK EnumWndPorc(HWND hWnd,LPARAM lParam)
{if (hWnd == NULL){return FALSE;}CListCtrl* pList = (CListCtrl*)lParam;int nItem = pList->GetItemCount();//取得窗口类名CString strClassName = _T("");::GetClassName(hWnd,strClassName.GetBuffer(256),256);strClassName.ReleaseBuffer();pList->InsertItem(nItem,strClassName);//取得窗口标题CString strWindowText = _T("");::GetWindowText(hWnd,strWindowText.GetBuffer(256),256);strWindowText.ReleaseBuffer();pList->SetItemText(nItem,1,strWindowText);return TRUE;
}
void CDemoDlg::OnButton31()
{CListCtrl* pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);pList->DeleteAllItems();pList->SetRedraw(FALSE);//枚举窗口::EnumWindows(EnumWndPorc,(LPARAM)pList);pList->SetRedraw(TRUE);
}