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打印崩溃调用栈和局部变量信息的方法有所不同。以下是针对 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS 的示例代码。

Windows

在 Windows 上，可以使用 Windows API 来捕获异常并打印调用栈。

#include <windows.h>
#include <DbgHelp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")void print_stack_trace() {const int FRAMES_TO_CAPTURE = 64;IMAGEHLP_STACK_FRAME frames[FRAMES_TO_CAPTURE];STACKFRAME64 stack;DWORD machine_type;HANDLE process = GetCurrentProcess();DWORD i;SYMBOL_INFOW* symbol_info;DWORD64 displacement;SymInitialize(process, NULL, TRUE);SymSetOptions(SYMOPT_UNDNAME | SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES);ZeroMemory(&stack, sizeof(stack));stack.AddrPC.Offset = (DWORD_PTR)__debugbreak;stack.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;stack.AddrFrame.Offset = (DWORD_PTR)__security_check_cookie;stack.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;stack.AddrStack.Offset = (DWORD_PTR)&stack;stack.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;machine_type = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_UNKNOWN;if (!StackWalk64(machine_type, process, GetCurrentThread(), &stack)) {machine_type = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386;if (!StackWalk64(machine_type, process, GetCurrentThread(), &stack)) {machine_type = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64;if (!StackWalk64(machine_type, process, GetCurrentThread(), &stack)) {fprintf(stderr, "Failed to determine machine type\n");return;}}}symbol_info = (SYMBOL_INFOW*)calloc(sizeof(SYMBOL_INFOW) + 256 * sizeof(wchar_t), 1);if (symbol_info == NULL) {fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory for symbol_info\n");return;}symbol_info->MaxNameLen = 255;symbol_info->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(SYMBOL_INFOW);for (i = 0; i < FRAMES_TO_CAPTURE; i++) {if (!StackWalk64(machine_type, process, GetCurrentThread(), &stack)) {break;}if (!SymFromAddr(process, stack.AddrPC.Offset, &displacement, symbol_info)) {fprintf(stderr, "Frame %d: 0x%llx\n", i, stack.AddrPC.Offset);} else {fwprintf(stderr, L"Frame %d: %ls + 0x%llx\n", i, symbol_info->Name, displacement);}// Print local variables here, but it's tricky without proper debugging symbols}free(symbol_info);SymCleanup(process);
}void cause_crash() {int *p = NULL;*p = 1;
}int main() {__try {cause_crash();}__except (print_stack_trace(), EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}return 0;
}

Linux

在 Linux 上，可以使用信号处理和 backtrace 函数来捕获崩溃并打印调用栈。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <unistd.h>void print_stack_trace() {void *array[10];size_t size;char **strings;size_t i;size = backtrace(array, 10);strings = backtrace_symbols(array, size);printf("Stack backtrace:\n");for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {printf("[bt] %s\n", strings[i]);}free(strings);
}void signal_handler(int sig) {print_stack_trace();exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}void cause_crash() {int *p = NULL;*p = 1;
}int main() {signal(SIGSEGV, signal_handler);cause_crash();return 0;
}

MacOS

在 MacOS 上，可以使用类似 Linux 的方法，使用 backtrace 和 backtrace_symbols 函数。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <unistd.h>void print_stack_trace() {void *array[10];size_t size;char **strings;size_t i;size = backtrace(array, 10);strings = backtrace_symbols(array, size);printf("Stack backtrace:\n");for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {printf("[bt] %s\n", strings[i]);}free(strings);
}void signal_handler(int sig) {print_stack_trace();exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}void cause_crash() {int *p = NULL;*p = 1;
}int main() {signal(SIGSEGV, signal_handler);cause_crash();return 0;
}

备注

1. 局部变量打印：在崩溃时打印局部变量非常困难，因为局部变量可能已经破坏或不可访问。在上述示例中，主要展示了如何打印调用栈信息。要获取局部变量的值，通常需要启用调试信息并使用调试器（如 GDB）来解析堆栈帧。

2. 调试符号：为了更详细地解析调用栈和局部变量，需要在编译时启用调试信息，例如在 GCC 中使用 -g 选项。

3. 平台差异：不同的操作系统有不同的 API 和方法来处理崩溃和调用栈跟踪，因此需要根据具体平台选择相应的方法。