做网站比较好的软件百度引擎提交入口
linux内核驱动——字符设备实现两个终端单向收发
参考
Ubuntu18.04添加内核模块(字符设备)
- 创建内核驱动文件
chat_dev.c
:
#include <linux/init.h> //定义了module_init
#include <linux/module.h> //最基本的头文件,其中定义了MODULE_LICENSE这一类宏
#include <linux/fs.h> // file_operations结构体定义在该头文件中
#include <linux/device.h> //class、device结构体的定义位置
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h> // copy_to_user & copy_from_user
#include <linux/mutex.h>static const char* device_name = "chat_driver"; // 定义设备名
static const char* device_path = "chat"; // 定义设备文件名 /dev/chat
static struct class *chat_class; //定义class结构体
static struct device *chat_dev; //定义device结构体//定义了open函数
static int chat_drv_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{printk("open\n");return 0;
}static char words[1000]; //聊天内容缓存
static int words_cnt = 0; //聊天内容缓存字节数
static struct mutex words_mutex; //互斥锁
//read函数
static ssize_t chat_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *fpos) {printk("read begin\n");ssize_t cnt = 0; //返回值,表示读取字节长度mutex_lock(&words_mutex); //上锁if(words_cnt > 0){copy_to_user(buf, words, words_cnt); //数据拷贝到用户态printk("words_cnt=%d\n", words_cnt);cnt = words_cnt;words_cnt = 0; //读取后缓存清空}mutex_unlock(&words_mutex); //解锁printk("read finish\n");return cnt;
}//定义了write函数
static ssize_t chat_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t * ppos)
{printk("write begin\n");mutex_lock(&words_mutex); //上锁copy_from_user(words, buf, size); //从用户态拷贝数据words_cnt = size; //更新缓存字节长度printk("words_cnt=%d\n", words_cnt);printk("words=%s\n", words);mutex_unlock(&words_mutex); //解锁printk("write finish\n");return 0;
}//在file_operations中注册open和write函数
static struct file_operations chat_drv_fo =
{.owner = THIS_MODULE,//将对应的函数关联在file_operations的结构体中.open = chat_drv_open, .read = chat_drv_read, .write = chat_drv_write,
};static int dev_id = 0; //初始化的设备号0
//init驱动的入口函数
static int __init chat_drv_init(void)
{ //注册设备,实际是将file_operations结构体放到内核的制定数组中,以便管理//在register_chrdev中制定dev_id作为主设备号,若dev_id为0则自动分配一个主设备号dev_id = register_chrdev(dev_id, device_name , &chat_drv_fo);chat_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, device_path); //初始化class结构体,指定设备文件名chat_dev = device_create(chat_class, NULL, MKDEV(dev_id, 0), NULL, device_path);// 根据class来初始化device,会创建出对应的设备文件mutex_init(&words_mutex);printk("init\n");return 0;
}//驱动的出口函数
static void __exit chat_drv_exit(void)
{printk("exit\n");unregister_chrdev(dev_id, device_name); //卸载设备,实际是将file_operations结构体从内核维护的相关数组中以主设备号作为索引删除device_unregister(chat_dev); // 后创建的先卸载class_destroy(chat_class);
}//内核将通过这个宏,来直到这个驱动的入口和出口函数
module_init(chat_drv_init);
module_exit(chat_drv_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); //指定协议
-
编译并加载内核驱动,详细可以看参考
-
创建发送端测试程序
write.c
:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>int main(int argc, char **argv)
{int fd;char words[1000];fd = open("/dev/chat", O_RDWR); //根据设备描述符打开设备if(fd < 0) //打开失败printf("can't open\n"); while(scanf("%s", words)) //可以自己输入{size_t len = strlen(words);words[len] = '\0';// printf("%s\n", words);write(fd, words, len+1); //根据文件描述符调用write}return 0;
}
- 创建接收端测试程序
read.c
:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>int main(int argc, char **argv)
{int fd;char words[1000];fd = open("/dev/chat", O_RDWR); //根据设备描述符打开设备if(fd < 0) //打开失败printf("can't open\n"); while(1){int ret = read(fd, words, 5); //根据文件描述符调用write,这里的5实际上没有用处if(ret > 0)printf("%s\n", words); sleep(1); }return 0;
}
- 编译两个测试程序,并分别在两个终端运行:
gcc write.c -o write
gcc read.c -o read
- 结果如下:
$ sudo ./write
nihao
qpwoeiruty
12222222222222rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
$ sudo ./read
nihao
qpwoeiruty
12222222222222rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr