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目录
摘要
1. 标准输入输出(Standard I/O)
2. 文件输入输出(File I/O)
3. 字符串流(String Stream)
4. 低级文件I/O(Low-level File I/O)
5. 内存映射文件(Memory-Mapped File I/O)
6. 网络I/O(Network I/O)
服务器端
客户端
摘要
C++中的输入输出操作(I/O)方式多种多样,从简单的标准I/O到复杂的内存映射文件和网络I/O。每一种的用法都有其特别之处,下面会分别用代码的方式来简单介绍一些用法,可以根据自己项目所需来选择合适的I/O方式可以提高我们项目开发的效率。
1. 标准输入输出(Standard I/O)
标准输入输出用于与控制台进行交互。
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;struct Student {string name;int age;vector<int> grades;void display() const {cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << ", Grades: ";for (int grade : grades) {cout << grade << " ";}cout << endl;}
};int main() {vector<Student> students;string input;cout << "Enter student information (name age grades), type 'end' to stop:" << endl;while (true) {getline(cin, input);if (input == "end") break;istringstream iss(input);Student student;iss >> student.name >> student.age;int grade;while (iss >> grade) {student.grades.push_back(grade);}students.push_back(student);}cout << "Entered students:" << endl;for (const Student& student : students) {student.display();}return 0;
}
2. 文件输入输出(File I/O)
文件I/O操作允许将数据存储到文件中或从文件中读取。
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;struct Employee {string name;int id;double salary;void display() const {cout << "Name: " << name << ", ID: " << id << ", Salary: " << salary << endl;}
};int main() {vector<Employee> employees = {{"Aoteman", 1, 50000},{"AotemanDaddy", 2, 60000},{"AotemanMami", 3, 70000}};ofstream outFile("employees.dat", ios::binary);if (!outFile) {cerr << "Error opening file for writing" << endl;return 1;}for (const Employee& emp : employees) {outFile.write((char*)&emp, sizeof(Employee));}outFile.close(