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备份只需要在一个节点上备就可以了，每个节点上的数据是同步的；但是数据恢复是需要在每个主节点上进行

1.查看证书位置

#查看etcd证书
[root@k8s-master01 manifests]# cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml  |grep etcd- --etcd-cafile=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/ca.pem- --etcd-certfile=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01.pem- --etcd-keyfile=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01-key.pem

2.ETCD备份

ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot save /root/etcd-snapshot-`date +%Y%m%d%H%m`.db \
--endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01.pem \
--key=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01-key.pem

3.单master,ETCD还原

rm -rf /var/lib/etcd.bck#移除所有etcd服务实例的数据目录
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests /etc/kubernetes/manifests.bck
mv /var/lib/etcd /var/lib/etcd.bck#使用20230807-0822.db文件恢复数据到/var/lib/etcd目录
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore /root/etcd-snapshot-202308072008.db \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd#启动kube-apiserver和etcd容器
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests.bck /etc/kubernetes/manifests#需要重启kubelet，不然删除和创建Pod异常
systemctl restart kubelet

3.1多个master还原

rm -rf /var/lib/etcd.bck#移除所有etcd服务实例的数据目录
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests /etc/kubernetes/manifests.bck
mv /var/lib/etcd /var/lib/etcd.bck# k8s-master01 机器上操作
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore /root/etcd-snapshot-202308072008.db \--endpoints=192.168.1.220 \--name k8s-master01 \--initial-cluster "k8s-master01=https://192.168.1.220:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.1.221:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.1.222:2380" \--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.1.220:2380 \--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd# k8s-master02 机器上操作
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore /root/etcd-snapshot-202308072008.db \--endpoints=192.168.1.221 \--name k8s-master02 \--initial-cluster "k8s-master01=https://192.168.1.220:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.1.221:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.1.222:2380" \--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.1.221:2380 \--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd# k8s-master03 机器上操作
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore /root/etcd-snapshot-202308072008.db \--endpoints=192.168.1.222 \--name k8s-master03 \--initial-cluster "k8s-master01=https://192.168.1.220:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.1.221:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.1.222:2380" \--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.1.222:2380 \--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd#检查etcd
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --endpoints="https://192.168.1.220:2379,https://192.168.1.221:2379,https://192.168.1.222:2379" \
--cacert=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01.pem \
--key=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01-key.pem \
member list --write-out=table#检查所有etcd健康状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01.pem \
--key=/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.1.220:2379,https://192.168.1.221:2379,https://192.168.1.222:2379" \endpoint health -w table#启动kube-apiserver和etcd容器
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests.bck /etc/kubernetes/manifests#需要重启kubelet，不然删除和创建Pod异常
systemctl restart kubelet

4.检查ETCD状态

kubectl get cskubectl get po

5.定时备份

whereis etcdctlcat > /backups/etcd-bak.sh << 'eof'
#!/bin/bashETCDCTL_PATH='/usr/local/bin/etcdctl'
ENDPOINTS='https://127.0.0.1:2379'
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd"
BACKUP_DIR="/backups/etcd/etcd-$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S)"KEEPBACKUPNUMBER='5'
ETCDBACKUPPERIOD='30'
ETCDBACKUPHOUR=''ETCDCTL_CERT="/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01.pem"
ETCDCTL_KEY="/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/node-k8s-master01-key.pem"
ETCDCTL_CA_FILE="/etc/ssl/etcd/ssl/ca.pem"[ ! -d $BACKUP_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIRexport ETCDCTL_API=2;$ETCDCTL_PATH backup --data-dir $ETCD_DATA_DIR --backup-dir $BACKUP_DIRsleep 3{
export ETCDCTL_API=3;$ETCDCTL_PATH --endpoints="$ENDPOINTS" snapshot save $BACKUP_DIR/snapshot.db \--cacert="$ETCDCTL_CA_FILE" \--cert="$ETCDCTL_CERT" \--key="$ETCDCTL_KEY"
} > /dev/null find /backups/etcd -maxdepth 1 -mtime +7 |xargs -i rm -fr {}
eofchmod +x /backups/etcd-bak.sh
cd /backups/

5.1 设置定时任务

[root@k8s-master01 backups]# crontab -l
*/5 * * * * /backups/etcd-bak.sh >/dev/null 2>&1