asp官方网站搜索引擎营销的6种方式
目录
JWT缺点
方案
实现
Program.cs
IdentityHelper.cs
Controller
NotCheckJWTVersionAttribute.cs
JWTVersionCheckkFilter.cs
优化
JWT缺点
- 到期前，令牌无法被提前撤回。什么情况下需要撤回？用户被删除了、禁用了；令牌被盗用了；单设备登录。
- 需要JWT撤回的场景用传统Session更合适。
- 如果需要在JWT中实现，思路：用Redis保存状态，或者用refresh_token+access_token机制等。
方案
在用户表中增加一个整数类型的列JWTVersion，代表最后一次发放出去的令牌的版本号；每次登录、发放令牌的时候，都让JWTVersion的值自增，同时将JWTVersion的值也放到JWT令牌的负载中；当执行禁用用户、撤回用户的令牌等操作的时候，把这个用户对应的JWTVersion列的值自增；当服务器端收到客户端提交的JWT令牌后，先把JWT令牌中的JWTVersion值和数据库中JWTVersion的值做一下比较，如果JWT令牌中JWTVersion的值小于数据库中JWTVersion的值，就说明这个JWT令牌过期了。
实现
- 为用户实体User类增加一个long类型的属性JWTVersion。
public class MyUser : IdentityUser<long> {public string? WeChatAccout { get; set; }public long JWTVersions { get; set; } } - 修改登录并发放令牌的代码，把用户的JWTVersion属性的值自增，并且把JWTVersion的值写入JWT令牌。
- 编写一个操作筛选器，统一实现对所有的控制器的操作方法中JWT令牌的检查操作。把JWTValidationFilter注册到Program.cs中MVC的全局筛选器中。
Program.cs
using Identity框架;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Scalar.AspNetCore;
using System.Text;var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddControllers();
//将Bearer身份验证添加到Scalar
builder.Services.AddOpenApi(opt =>
{opt.AddDocumentTransformer<BearerSecuritySchemeTransformer>();
});
//添加数据库上下文
builder.Services.AddDbContext<MyDbContext>(opt =>
{string connStr = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ConnStr");opt.UseSqlServer(connStr);
});
//添加Filter
builder.Services.Configure<MvcOptions>(opt =>
{opt.Filters.Add<JWTVersionCheckFilter>();//添加JWT版本检查ActionFilter
});
//添加Identity服务
builder.Services.AddDataProtection();
builder.Services.AddIdentityCore<MyUser>(options =>
{//设置密码规则，不需要数字，小写字母，大写字母，特殊字符，长度为6options.Lockout.DefaultLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);options.Password.RequireDigit = false;options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;options.Password.RequiredLength = 6;options.Tokens.PasswordResetTokenProvider = TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider;options.Tokens.EmailConfirmationTokenProvider = TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider;
});
var idBuilder = new IdentityBuilder(typeof(MyUser), typeof(MyRole), builder.Services);
idBuilder.AddEntityFrameworkStores<MyDbContext>().AddDefaultTokenProviders().AddRoleManager<RoleManager<MyRole>>().AddUserManager<UserManager<MyUser>>();
//添加JWT设置
builder.Services.Configure<JWTSettings>(builder.Configuration.GetSection("JWT"));
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme).AddJwtBearer(opt =>
{var jwtOpt = builder.Configuration.GetSection("JWT").Get<JWTSettings>();byte[] key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jwtOpt.SecKey);//设置对称秘钥var secKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(key);//设置验证参数opt.TokenValidationParameters = new(){ValidateIssuer = false,//是否验证颁发者ValidateAudience = false,//是否验证订阅者ValidateLifetime = true,//是否验证生命周期ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,//是否验证签名IssuerSigningKey = secKey//签名秘钥};
});var app = builder.Build();
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{app.MapOpenApi();app.MapScalarApiReference();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapControllers();
app.Run();
IdentityHelper.cs
public static class IdentityHelper
{public static async Task CheckAsync(this Task<IdentityResult> task){var r = await task;if (!r.Succeeded){throw new Exception(JsonSerializer.Serialize(r.Errors));}}
}Controller
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;namespace Identity框架.Controllers
{[Route("api/[controller]/[action]")][ApiController]public class DemoController : ControllerBase{private readonly UserManager<MyUser> userManager;private readonly RoleManager<MyRole> roleManager;private readonly IOptionsSnapshot<JWTSettings> jwtSettingsOpt;public DemoContrller(UserManager<MyUser> userManager, RoleManager<MyRole> roleManager, IOptionsSnapshot<JWTSettings> jwtSettingsOpt){this.userManager = userManager;this.roleManager = roleManager;this.jwtSettingsOpt = jwtSettingsOpt;}[HttpPost][NotCheckJWTVersion]public async Task<ActionResult<string>> Login(string userName, string password){//根据用户名查找用户var user = await userManager.FindByNameAsync(userName);if (user == null){return BadRequest("用户或密码错误1");}//判断是否登录成功，失败则记录失败次数if (await userManager.CheckPasswordAsync(user, password)){//登录成功，重置失败次数，CheckAsync判断操作是否成功，失败则抛出异常await userManager.ResetAccessFailedCountAsync(user).CheckAsync();//更新JWT版本号，防止旧JWT被使用user.JWTVersions++;await userManager.UpdateAsync(user);//身份验证声明List<Claim> claims = new List<Claim>{new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id.ToString()),new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.UserName),new Claim("JWTVersions", user.JWTVersions.ToString())};//获取用户角色，添加到声明中var roles = await userManager.GetRolesAsync(user);foreach (var role in roles){claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role));}//生成JWTstring key = jwtSettingsOpt.Value.SecKey;DateTime expires = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(jwtSettingsOpt.Value.ExpireSeconds);byte[] keyBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);var secKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(keyBytes);var credentials = new SigningCredentials(secKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature);var tokenDescriptor = new JwtSecurityToken(claims: claims,//声明expires: expires,//过期时间signingCredentials: credentials//签名凭据);string jwt = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(tokenDescriptor);return jwt;}else{await userManager.AccessFailedAsync(user).CheckAsync();return BadRequest("用户或密码错误2");}}}
}NotCheckJWTVersionAttribute.cs
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class NotCheckJWTVersionAttribute:Attribute
{
}JWTVersionCheckkFilter.cs
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Controllers;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
using System.Security.Claims;namespace Identity框架
{public class JWTVersionCheckFilter : IAsyncActionFilter{private readonly UserManager<MyUser> userManager;public JWTVersionCheckFilter(UserManager<MyUser> userManager){this.userManager = userManager;}public async Task OnActionExecutionAsync(ActionExecutingContext context, ActionExecutionDelegate next){//获取当前Action的特性，判断是否有NotCheckJWTVersionAttribute特性,如果有则不检查JWTVersionControllerActionDescriptor controllerActionDescriptor = context.ActionDescriptor as ControllerActionDescriptor;if (controllerActionDescriptor == null){await next();return;}if (controllerActionDescriptor.MethodInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(NotCheckJWTVersionAttribute), true).Any()){await next();return;}//获取JWTVersion，不存在则返回400var claimJWTVersion = context.HttpContext.User.FindFirst("JWTVersions");if (claimJWTVersion == null){context.Result = new ObjectResult("payload中JWTVersion不存在"){StatusCode = 400};return;}//获取用户id，不存在则返回400var claimUserId = context.HttpContext.User.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);long userId = Convert.ToInt64(claimUserId.Value);//不用每次都查询数据库，可以从缓存中获取用户var user = await userManager.FindByIdAsync(userId.ToString());if (user == null){context.Result = new ObjectResult("用户不存在"){StatusCode = 400};return;}//判断JWTVersion是否过时long jwtVersionClient = Convert.ToInt64(claimJWTVersion.Value);if (user.JWTVersions > jwtVersionClient){context.Result = new ObjectResult("客户端jwt过时"){StatusCode = 400};return;}await next();}}
}
优化
每一次客户端和Controller的交互的时候，检查JWTVersion的筛选器都要查询数据库，性能太低，可以用缓存进行优化。